Cosmetic dentistry covers a broad range of services that restore or enhance the appearance of teeth, a smile, and even general facial aesthetics. Cosmetic improvement can result from simple lightening of natural teeth, to creating a pleasant natural look, to a dramatically light, bright, and bold look. Often, cosmetic improvement is the natural result of doing “normal and necessary“ dentistry, such as when old, poor looking restorations are replaced with something that looks beautifully real. Let’s review what some of the more common treatments are, some cautions, and how to find a great cosmetic dentist.
Cosmetic Services
Bleaching or tooth lightening:
Lightening natural teeth is done with the help of peroxide based materials, from tooth pastes, over the counter applications, thin custom fitting clear trays that hold the lightening gel on the teeth, and in office accelerated treatment. Toothpastes are the most mild and basically help maintain existing color. Over the counter products show mixed results from terrific to disappointing. They work best for mild to moderate enhancement of front teeth. The gel-in-custom tray system is the most widely used and accepted. A patient wears the tray on their teeth for a period of hours each day. Lightening occurs and slows down over a period of weeks. Improvements are more predictable on teeth that are “yellow/orange” in tone and more difficult on teeth that are “blue/gray” in tone. In-office procedures (like Zoom) basically give the equivalent of a two week “jump start” to lightening. It is best to continue with the tray technique to reach optimum desired results.
Bonding:
The word “bonding” has multiple meanings. It can refer to applying tooth colored composite material to teeth as a filling to change tooth shape, or even as a one step add-on method of cosmetic veneers. Bonding is also the way dental restorative materials like composite and porcelain/ceramic is fused to teeth. The bond is achieved by first mildly etching the surface of a tooth to create a micro-rough surface. Fluid polymer materials are then painted on the etched surface and interlock the micro-roughness when set. The new polymer surface can actively link up to the filling materials like composite or porcelains that also have activated surfaces. The methods and materials of bonding have dramatically improved over the last 25 years. Today, bonding methods leave teeth strong, healthy, and beautiful.
Inlays and Onlays:
Inlays are bonded inside the tooth similar to a filling. Onlays also replace part or all of the biting surface. They are made outside the mouth and bonded in place similar to a cap or crown. Onlays help hold a tooth together more than an inlay. Porcelain inlays and onlays are state of the art precision restorations that can be the best of all worlds. They leave much more natural tooth structure so they are much less invasive than what might otherwise be a crown or cap. They have no metal, so light transmits naturally through the tooth, making them often nearly undetectable (even on an X-ray). Their rigidity and the fact that they are bonded to the tooth means that the tooth is re-strengthened by a well designed restoration. More real tooth, natural beauty, improved strength: win, win, win. They are more costly than a regular filling, but are also a more definitive, long term approach.
Veneers:
Porcelain veneers replace the outer face surface of teeth seen when you smile. They are a thin porcelain shell that gets fused to the underlying tooth to create the desired smile design. They are art. Subtle things make big differences. They take many forms and styles. They can create a beautiful smile from teeth that have unsightly surface coloring, spotting, spacing, poor shape, and poor positions. A patient’s preferences and priorities should dictate the final look; from very “natural” to very white, bright, straight and full – or anywhere in between.
A word of warning: Like acrylic nails, quality varies widely. Simple cheaper add-on style veneers can leave a person with thick edges that are hurtful to gum health and leave compromised speech patterns. A brand like Lumineers advertises widely about needing no tooth reduction. That sounds nice, but their small print lets you know tooth shaping may well be necessary. Their message is “easy, fast, cheap.” Food for thought.
Caps or Crowns:
Caps or crowns are the traditional way to rebuild a whole tooth. They are like an entire new outer shell of the tooth. They can be pure porcelain, porcelain with hidden metal underneath to increase strength, or gold for ultimate strength. Gold is still commonly used on teeth hidden in back that come under high pressures from clenching. Patient preferences again dictate the treatment of choice.
Improving the Gumline:
Lovely teeth alone do not make a beautiful smile. The gums around the teeth are the frame on the picture. If too much gumline shows, or the form is unbalanced, the appearance can be distracting. Finer dentists look at the gum architecture and may recommend getting the health and forms of gumlines good as part of cosmetic treatment.
Implants:
Implants have revolutionized dentistry as much or more than bonding techniques. In short; it is possible to re-create very natural looking and feeling teeth with implants. This is true for single, multiple, and even full arch restoration. Having the proper bone and surrounding gums is critical. It is very important to have your treatment coordinated if multiple providers are involved. Don’t just go and have an implant and expect the follow up dentist to get a perfect result. There is a growing number of highly trained and talented dentists that are able to do bone or gum grafting, implants, and the final restoration. Many cosmetic cases involve an implant in the mix.
Comfort:
Most people have some fear of dentistry. Some have a lot. Today, more dentists are using conscious sedation to help patients safely relax and have very positive experiences while receiving dental treatment. Most patients are happy with traditional local anesthesia, but the use of safe oral sedation protocols is becoming common. Patients are overwhelmingly pleased.
How do you find a great cosmetic dentist? I address that in another blog post